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an.3.37 Aṅguttara Nikāya (Numbered Discourses)

Kings (1)

“Bhikkhus, (1) on the eighth of the fortnight, the ministers and assembly members of the four great kings wander over this world, thinking: ‘We hope there are many people who behave properly toward their mother and father, behave properly toward ascetics and brahmins, honor the elders of the family, observe the uposatha, keep the extra observance days, and do meritorious deeds.’ (2) On the fourteenth of the fortnight, the sons of the four great kings wander over this world, thinking: ‘We hope there are many people who behave properly toward their mother and father … … and do meritorious deeds.’ (3) On the fifteenth, the uposatha day, the four great kings themselves wander over this world, thinking: ‘We hope there are many people who behave properly toward their mother and father … and do meritorious deeds.’

“If, bhikkhus, there are few people who behave properly toward their mother and father … and do meritorious deeds, the four great kings report this to the Tāvatiṁsa devas when they meet and are sitting together in the Sudhamma council hall: ‘Revered sirs, there are few people who behave properly toward their mother and father … and do meritorious deeds.’ Then, because of this, the Tāvatiṁsa devas become displeased, saying: ‘Alas, the celestial company will decline and the company of asuras will flourish!’

“But if there are many people who behave properly toward their mother and father … and do meritorious deeds, the four great kings report this to the Tāvatiṁsa devas when they meet and are sitting together in the Sudhamma council hall: ‘Revered sirs, there are many people who behave properly toward their mother and father, behave properly toward ascetics and brahmins, honor the elders of the family, observe the uposatha, keep the extra observance days, and do meritorious deeds.’ Then, because of this, the Tāvatiṁsa devas become elated, saying: ‘Indeed, the celestial company will flourish and the company of asuras will decline!’”

“Bhikkhus, once in the past, when Sakka, ruler of the devas, was guiding the Tāvatiṁsa devas, he recited this verse:

“‘The person who would be like me
should observe the uposatha
complete in the eight factors,
on the fourteenth, fifteenth,
and eighth of the fortnight,
and during special fortnights.’

“This verse, bhikkhus, was badly recited by Sakka, ruler of the devas, not well recited. It was badly stated, not well stated. For what reason? Because Sakka, ruler of the devas, is not devoid of lust, hatred, and delusion. But in the case of a bhikkhu who is an arahant—one whose taints are destroyed, who has lived the spiritual life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, reached his own goal, utterly destroyed the fetters of existence, one completely liberated through final knowledge—it is fitting for him to say:

“‘The person who would be like me …
and during special fortnights.’

“For what reason? Because that bhikkhu is devoid of lust, hatred, and delusion.”

- Translator: Bhikkhu Bodhi

- Editor: Blake Walsh


The Four Great Kings (1st)

“On the eighth day of the fortnight, mendicants, the ministers and counselors of the Four Great Kings wander about the world, thinking:
‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in their families, observing and keeping vigil on the sabbath, and making merit.’
And on the fourteenth day of the fortnight, the sons of the Four Great Kings wander about the world, thinking:
‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
And on the fifteenth day sabbath, the Four Great Kings themselves wander about the world, thinking:
‘Hopefully most humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
If only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit,
then the Four Great Kings address the gods of the Thirty-Three, seated together in the Hall of Justice:
‘Only a few humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
Then the gods of the Thirty-Three are disappointed, thinking,
‘The heavenly hosts will dwindle, while the demon hosts will swell!’
But if many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit,
then the Four Great Kings address the gods of the Thirty-Three, seated together in the Hall of Justice:
‘Many humans are paying due respect to their parents … and making merit.’
Then the gods of the Thirty-Three are pleased, thinking,
‘The heavenly hosts will swell, while the demon hosts will dwindle!’
Once upon a time, Sakka, lord of gods, guiding the gods of the Thirty-Three, recited this verse:
‘Whoever wants to be like me
would observe the sabbath
complete in all eight factors,
on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days,
and the eighth day of the fortnight,
as well as on the fortnightly special displays.’
But that verse was poorly sung by Sakka, lord of gods, not well sung; poorly spoken, not well spoken.
Why is that?
Sakka, lord of gods, is not free of greed, hate, and delusion.
But for a mendicant who is perfected—with defilements ended, who has completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their own true goal, utterly ended the fetters of rebirth, and is rightly freed through enlightenment—it is appropriate to say:
‘Whoever wants to be like me
would observe the sabbath,
complete in all eight factors,
on the fourteenth and the fifteenth days,
and the eighth day of the fortnight,
as well as on the fortnightly special displays.’
Why is that?
Because that mendicant is free of greed, hate, and delusion.”