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sn.22.62 Saṁyutta Nikāya (Linked Discourses)

Pathways of Language

At Savatthi. “Bhikkhus, there are these three pathways of language, pathways of designation, pathways of description, that are unmixed, that were never mixed, that are not being mixed, that will not be mixed, that are not rejected by wise ascetics and brahmins. What three?

“Whatever form, bhikkhus, has passed, ceased, changed: the term, label, and description ‘was’ applies to it, not the term ‘is’ or the term ‘will be.’

“Whatever feeling … Whatever perception … Whatever volitional formations … Whatever consciousness has passed, ceased, changed: the term, label, and description ‘was’ applies to it, not the term ‘is’ or the term ‘will be.’

“Whatever form, bhikkhus, has not been born, has not become manifest: the term, label, and description ‘will be’ applies to it, not the term ‘is’ or the term ‘was.’

“Whatever feeling … Whatever perception … Whatever volitional formations … Whatever consciousness has not been born, has not become manifest: the term, label, and description ‘will be’ applies to it, not the term ‘is’ or the term ‘was.’

“Whatever form, bhikkhus, has been born, has become manifest: the term, label, and description ‘is’ applies to it, not the term ‘was’ or the term ‘will be.’

“Whatever feeling … Whatever perception … Whatever volitional formations … Whatever consciousness has been born, has become manifest: the term, label, and description ‘is’ applies to it, not the term ‘was’ or the term ‘will be.’

“These, bhikkhus, are the three pathways of language, pathways of designation, pathways of description, that are unmixed, that were never mixed, that are not being mixed, that will not be mixed, that are not rejected by wise ascetics and brahmins.

“Bhikkhus, even Vassa and Bañña of Ukkala, proponents of noncausality, of the inefficacy of action, and of nihilism, did not think that these three pathways of language, pathways of designation, pathways of description should be criticized or scorned. For what reason? Because they fear blame, attack, and condemnation.”

- Translator: Bhikkhu Bodhi

- Editor: Blake Walsh


The Scope of Language

At Sāvatthī.
“Mendicants, there are these three scopes of language, terminology, and descriptions. They’re uncorrupted, as they have been since the beginning. They’re not being corrupted now, nor will they be. Sensible ascetics and brahmins don’t look down on them.
What three?
When form has passed, ceased, and perished, its designation, label, and description is ‘was’.
It’s not ‘is’ or ‘will be’.
When feeling …

perception …
choices …

consciousness has passed, ceased, and perished, its designation, label, and description is ‘was’.
It’s not ‘is’ or ‘will be’.
When form is not yet born, and has not yet appeared, its designation, label, and description is ‘will be’.
It’s not ‘is’ or ‘was’.
When feeling …

perception …
choices …

consciousness is not yet born, and has not yet appeared, its designation, label, and description is ‘will be’.
It’s not ‘is’ or ‘was’.
When form has been born, and has appeared, its designation, label, and description is ‘is’.
It’s not ‘was’ or ‘will be’.
When feeling …

perception …
choices …

consciousness has been born, and has appeared, its designation, label, and description is ‘is’.
It’s not ‘was’ or ‘will be’.
These are the three scopes of language, terminology, and descriptions. They’re uncorrupted, as they have been since the beginning. They’re not being corrupted now, nor will they be. Sensible ascetics and brahmins don’t look down on them.
Even those wanderers of the past, Vassa and Bhañña of Ukkalā, who taught the doctrines of no-cause, inaction, and nihilism, didn’t imagine that these three scopes of language should be criticized or rejected.
Why is that?
For fear of blame, attack, and condemnation.”